Metsi a litšila a indasteri a kenyelletsa metsi a litšila a tlhahiso, likhoerekhoere tsa tlhahiso le metsi a pholileng. E bua ka metsi a litšila le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri, e nang le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, lihlahisoa tse mahareng, lihlahisoa le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso e lahleheloang ke metsi. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea metsi a litšila a indasteri a nang le likarolo tse rarahaneng. Mohlala, metsi a litšila a indasteri ea letsoai ea electrolytic a na le mercury, metsi a litšila a liindasteri tse boima a na le lead, cadmium le lisebelisoa tse ling, metsi a litšila a indasteri ea electroplating a na le cyanide le chromium le litšepe tse ling tse boima, metsi a litšila a hloekisang peterole a na le phenol, metsi a litšila a etsang likokonyana a na le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana tse fapaneng. joalo-joalo Kaha metsi a litšila a indasteri hangata a na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse chefo, ho silafatsa tikoloho ho kotsi haholo bophelong ba batho, ka hona hoa hlokahala ho nts'etsapele ts'ebeliso e felletseng, ho fetola kotsi molemong, le ho nka mehato e ts'oanang ea tlhoekiso ho latela sebopeho le bongata ba lintho tse silafatsang. ka metsing a litšila pele a ka tsoa.
Metsi a litšila a indasteri a bolela metsi a litšila, likhoerekhoere le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea indasteri, e nang le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, lihlahisoa tse mahareng le lihlahisoa tse lahlehileng ka metsi le litšila tse hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri, mefuta le bongata ba metsi a litšila li eketsehile ka potlako, 'me tšilafalo ea libaka tsa metsi e ntse e ata le ho teba, e sokelang bophelo bo botle le polokeho ea batho. Ka hona, bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, phekolo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri ke ea bohlokoa ho feta phekolo ea likhoerekhoere tsa litoropo.
Hangata ho na le mefuta e meraro:
Ea pele ke ho arola ho ea ka likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa litšila tse ka sehloohong tse nang le metsi a litšila a indasteri. Metsi a litšila a na le lintho tse silafatsang ka tlhaho, 'me metsi a litšila a na le lintho tse silafatsang tsa tlhaho. Mohlala, metsi a litšila a electroplating le metsi a litšila a tsoang ts'ebetsong ea liminerale ke metsi a litšila, metsi a litšila a tsoang lijong kapa peterole ke metsi a litšila, 'me metsi a litšila a tsoang indastering ea khatiso le ho daea ke metsi a litšila a tsoakiloeng. Metsi a litšila a tsoang liindastering tse fapaneng a na le likarolo tse fapaneng.
Ea bobeli ke ho arola ho ea ka lihlahisoa le lintho tse sebetsanang le likhoebo tsa indasteri, joalo ka metsi a litšila a metallurgical, metsi a litšila a pampiri, metsi a litšila a coking, metsi a litšila a tšepe, metsi a litšila a lik'hemik'hale, khatiso ea masela le ho daea metsi a litšila, metsi a litšila a dae, metsi a litšila a letlalo, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. metsi a litšila, metsi a litšila a setsi sa motlakase, joalo-joalo.
Mofuta oa boraro o arotsoe ho latela likarolo tse kholo tsa litšila tse ka metsing a litšila, joalo ka metsi a litšila a nang le asiti, metsi a litšila a alkaline, metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide, metsi a litšila a nang le chromium, metsi a litšila a nang le cadmium, metsi a litšila a nang le mercury, phenol-containing waste. -e nang le metsi a litšila, metsi a litšila a nang le oli, metsi a litšila a nang le sebabole, metsi a litšila a nang le phosphorus le metsi a litšila a nang le mahlaseli a kotsi.
Mekhoa ea pele e 'meli ea lihlopha ha e akarelletse likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa litšila tse nang le metsi a litšila, leha e le hore li ka bontša kotsi ea metsi a litšila.
Bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri
Hangata, metsi a litšila a hlahisoang bophelong ba rona a na le hoo e ka bang ha ho na lintho tse chefo, ha metsi a litšila a hlahisoang ke indasteri a ka 'na a ba le tšepe e boima, lik'hemik'hale le lintho tse ling tse kotsi. Ho lahla ntle le kalafo ho ke ke ha baka tšilafalo e tebileng tikolohong feela, empa k'hamphani e tla tobana le likotlo le likotlo. Maemong a tebileng, e tla laeloa ho emisa khoebo le ho koala.
Etsa mosebetsi o motle litekong tsa metsi a litšila tsa indasteri, laola ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho ntša litšila metsing pele metsi a litšila a ntšoa hore a se ke a feta meeli e behiloeng, ho sireletsa mehloli ea metsi, le ho fokotsa tšusumetso tikolohong. Lumela, ke hantle, bohle ba lokile!
Litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi a litšila liindasteri li koahela mefuta e fapaneng ea litšila, ho kenyelletsa COD, litšepe tse boima, BOD, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, joalo-joalo. Litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ea liindasteri tse fapaneng le tsona li fapane. Likhoebo li ka bua ka litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso e silafatsang ea metsi liindastering tse fanoeng ke Lekala la Ecology le Tikoloho.
Bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila ea indasteri bo bonahala haholo maemong a latelang:
1. Ho sireletsa tikoloho: Ho qhalloa ka ho toba ha metsi a litšila a indasteri ntle le ho hloekisoa ho tla baka tšenyo e khōlō tikolohong, e kang tšilafalo ea metsi le tšilafalo ea mobu. Ka ho hlahloba metsi a litšila a indasteri, tekanyo ea tšilafalo le sebopeho sa metsi a litšila li ka hlahlojoa ka katleho, ho fana ka motheo oa saense bakeng sa puso le thibelo.
2. Ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho: Metsi a litšila a indasteri hangata a na le lintho tse chefo le tse kotsi, tse kang litšepe tse boima le lintho tse silafatsang tsa tlhaho. Lintho tsena li baka kotsi e kholo bophelong ba batho. Ka tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri, boteng le bongata ba lintho tsena tse kotsi li ka hlahlojoa ka katleho, ho fana ka motheo oa ho theha merero ea puso, ka tsela eo ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba batho.
3. Ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea indasteri: Ka keketseho ea tlhokomeliso ea tikoloho, lik'hamphani tse ngata li se li qalile ho ela hloko taolo ea tikoloho. Ka ho lekola metsi a litšila a indasteri, lik'hamphani li ka utloisisa phallo ea tsona ea metsi a litšila, tsa fana ka ts'ehetso ea mahlale bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso le ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho, 'me ka hona li khothaletse nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea indasteri.
Lintho le matšoao a tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila a indasteri
Lintho tsa tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila li kenyelletsa tlhoko ea oksijene ea lik'hemik'hale (COD), tlhokahalo ea oksijene ea baeloji (BOD), lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng (SS), phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), naetrojene e felletseng (TN), turbidity, residual chlorine, pH le matšoao a mang. Matšoao ana a bonts'a tšilafalo ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa metsi a litšila, joalo ka lintho tse phelang, likokoana-hloko, limatlafatsi, joalo-joalo. Ka ho lemoha le ho hlahloba matšoao ana, re ka utloisisa tekanyo le mofuta oa tšilafalo ea metsi a litšila, 'me ra fana ka motheo oa saense bakeng sa ho hloekisa le ho ntša metsi a litšila. .
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila ea indasteri
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo ea metsi a litšila ea indasteri e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahlobo ea baeloji le tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Litšobotsi le tšebeliso ea mekhoa ena li hlahisoa ka tlase.
1. Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale
Tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo litekong tsa metsi a litšila tsa indasteri. Mokhoa ona haholo-holo o etsa qeto ea hore na ke lintho life tse fapa-fapaneng tse ka metsing a litšila ka liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale le tlhahlobo ea bongata. Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa titration, spectrophotometry, chromatography, joalo-joalo Har'a bona, titration ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ea ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale, e ka sebelisoang ho fumana hore na mahloriso a ion, pH, litšepe tse boima le lipontšo tse ling metsing a litšila; spectrophotometry ke mokhoa oa ho tseba hore na ntho e bokae ka ho lekanya tekanyo ea ho monya kapa ho hasana ha leseli ka ntho, 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho fumana matšoao a kang organic matter le ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila; chromatography ke mokhoa oa karohano le tlhahlobo o ka sebelisoang ho fumana lintho tse phelang, lintho tse sa pheleng, li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate tsa polycyclic le lintho tse ling metsing a litšila.
2. Bioanalysis
Bioanalysis ke tšebeliso ea kutloisiso ea lintho tse phelang ho lintho tse silafatsang ho bona lintho tse kotsi metsing a litšila. Mokhoa ona o na le litšoaneleho tsa kutlo e phahameng le boits'oaro bo matla. Bioanalysis e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea baeloji le tlhahlobo ea baeloji. Har'a tsona, tlhahlobo ea likokoana-hloko ke ho fumana chefo ea litšila metsing a litšila ka ho hlahisa likokoana-hloko, 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho fumana lintho tse phelang, litšepe tse boima le lintho tse ling metsing a litšila; tlhahlobo ea bioloji ke mokhoa oa ho bonahatsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho ka ho beha leihlo matšoao a fisioloji le lik'hemik'hale tsa lintho tse phelang, 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho beha leihlo lintho tse phelang, lirafshoa tse boima le lintho tse ling metsing a litšila.
3. Tlhahlobo ea 'mele
Tlhahlobo ea 'mele ke tšebeliso ea lintho tse bonahalang tsa lintho ho lemoha lintho tse kotsi metsing a litšila. Mokhoa ona o bonolo ho o sebetsa, o potlakile ebile o nepahetse. Mekhoa e sebelisoang hangata ea ho hlahloba 'mele e kenyelletsa mokhoa o ikhethileng oa matla a khoheli, mokhoa oa ho tseba lintho tse emisitsoeng le mokhoa oa colorimetry. Har'a tsona, mokhoa o khethehileng oa matla a khoheli ke ho fumana hore na lintho tse ka har'a metsi a litšila ke life ka ho lekanya boima ba 'mele; mokhoa oa ho etsa qeto ea lintho tse emisitsoeng ke ho fumana boleng ba metsi ka ho lekanya litaba tsa taba e emisitsoeng metsing a litšila; colorimetry ke ho fumana hore na litaba tsa organic matter, heavy metal le lintho tse ling ke ho lekanya botebo ba 'mala oa metsi a litšila.
3. Kakaretso
Ho lemoha metsi a litšila a indasteri ke e 'ngoe ea likhokahano tsa bohlokoa ts'ireletsong le taolong ea tikoloho,' me ho bohlokoa haholo ho sireletsa tikoloho, ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea indasteri. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho lemoha metsi a litšila a indasteri e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahlobo ea baeloji le tlhahlobo ea 'mele, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le litšobotsi tsa eona le boholo ba ts'ebeliso. Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, hoa hlokahala ho khetha mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho lemoha ho latela maemo a itseng ho netefatsa ho nepahala le ho tšepahala ha liphetho tsa ho sibolla. Ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa hlokahala ho matlafatsa tlhahiso le ts'ebetsong ea mehato ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ho fokotsa kotsi ea metsi a litšila tikolohong le bophelo bo botle ba batho.
Melemo ea spectrophotometry bakeng sa ho lemoha boleng ba metsi ke efe?
Hona joale, spectrophotometry ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea ho lemoha e sebelisoang hangata mosebetsing oa ho lemoha boleng ba metsi, haholo-holo ha ho etsoa qeto ea lisampole tsa metsi tse nang le litaba tse batlang li le tlaase, e na le melemo ea ts'ebetso e bonolo, ho nepahala ho phahameng le kutloisiso e phahameng. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-spectrophotometers, tse arotsoeng ka li-spectrophotometer tse bonahalang, ultraviolet visual spectrophotometers le infrared spectrophotometers ho latela leqhubu la maqhubu a khanya a sebelisitsoeng. Spectrophotometry ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo ho hlahloba boleng ba metsi. Molao-motheo oa eona ke ho tseba litaba tsa ntho e lebeletsoeng tharollong ka ho lekanya tekanyo ea ho monya tharollo ea khanya ea bolelele bo itseng ba maqhubu. Spectrophotometry e na le melemo e latelang:
1. Kutloelo-bohloko e phahameng
Spectrophotometry e na le kutlo e phahameng ea ho lemoha linthong tse shebiloeng 'me e ka etsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng le methati e tlase ea mahloriso. Sena se bakoa ke hore ha leseli le feta tharollong, matla a khanya a monngoang ke ntho e lebeletsoeng a lekanngoa le mokoloko oa ntho e lebisitsoeng, kahoo mahloriso a tlaase a ntho e lebeletsoeng e ka lekanyetsoa ka nepo e phahameng.
2. Wide linear range
Spectrophotometry e na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng mme e ka etsa litekanyo tse nepahetseng maemong a mangata a mahloriso. Sena se bolela hore spectrophotometry e ka sebelisoa ho tlhahlobo ea sampole e nang le mohopolo o tlase le e phahameng haholo, ka ts'ebeliso e ntle le bonolo.
3. Ka potlako le ka katleho
Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo li ka fumanoa ka nako e khuts'oane. Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho hlahloba, spectrophotometry e na le ts'ebetso e bonolo ea ts'ebetso le lebelo la ho hlahloba ka potlako, e leng se loketseng maemo ao liphetho li lokelang ho fumanoa kapele.
4. Khetho e phahameng
Spectrophotometry e ka fihlela khetho e ikhethileng ea lintho tse shebiloeng ka ho khetha bolelele bo nepahetseng ba maqhubu. Lintho tse fapaneng li na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa ho monya ka maqhubu a fapaneng a maqhubu. Ka ho khetha li-wavelengths tse loketseng, tšitiso ea lintho tse sitisang e ka qojoa mme khetho ea ho lekanya e ka ntlafatsoa.
5. Portability le tshebetso ea nako ea sebele
Spectrophotometry e ka khona ho lemoha kapele sebakeng sa marang-rang ka sesebelisoa sa boleng ba metsi se nang le likarolo tse ngata, se nang le ts'ebetso e ntle le ts'ebetso ea nako ea nnete. Sena se etsa hore spectrophotometry e sebelisoe haholo maemong ao liphetho li hlokang ho fumanoa kapele, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea tikoloho le lipatlisiso tsa tšilafalo ea metsi.
Lianhua Technology ke moetsi oa Chaena ea nang le phihlelo ea lilemo tse 42 ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba boleng ba metsi. Ka 1982, e ile ea hlahisa mokhoa oa COD o potlakileng oa ho senya lijo, o ka bonang boleng bo nepahetseng ba COD metsing a litšila nakong ea metsotso e 20, ka li-reagents tse nyenyane, ts'ebetso e bonolo le e bonolo, 'me e tumme haholo lilaboratoring. Ka lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le nts'etsopele le ntlafatso, Lianhua Technology joale e ka fana ka lisebelisoa tsa ammonia nitrogen, lisebelisoa tsa phosphorus kaofela, lisebelisoa tsa naetrojene kaofela, lisebelisoa tsa nitrate / nitrite, li-solids tse emisitsoeng, limithara tse turbidity, metara e setseng ea chlorine, methareng ea tšepe e boima, joalo-joalo. joalo ka li-reagents tse fapaneng tse tšehetsang le lisebelisoa. Lianhua Technology e na le lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng ba metsi, boleng bo botle ba sehlahisoa, le tšebeletso e nakong ka mor'a thekiso. Rea u amohela ho buisana!
Nako ea poso: Aug-29-2024
