Se latelang ke selelekela sa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo:
1. Theknoloji ea ho beha leihlo bakeng sa litšila tse sa pheleng
Patlisiso ea tšilafalo ea metsi e qala ka Hg, Cd, cyanide, phenol, Cr6+, joalo-joalo, 'me boholo ba tsona li lekantsoe ka spectrophotometry. Ha mosebetsi oa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho o ntse o teba le lits'ebeletso tsa ho beha leihlo li ntse li tsoela pele ho hola, maikutlo le ho nepahala ha mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea spectrophotometric e ke ke ea fihlela litlhoko tsa taolo ea tikoloho. Ka hona, lisebelisoa le mekhoa e fapaneng e tsoetseng pele le e hlokolosi haholo ea tlhahlobo e ntlafalitsoe ka potlako.
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1.Mekhoa ea ho monya atomic le mekhoa ea atomic fluorescence
Ho monya athomo ea lelakabe, ho monya athomo ea hydride, le ho monya athomo ea graphite sebōpi li ntlafalitsoe ka tatellano, 'me li ka tsebahatsa likarolo tse ngata tsa tšepe le tsa morao-rao metsing.
Sesebelisoa sa atomic fluorescence se entsoeng naheng ea heso se ka lekanya ka nako e le 'ngoe metsoako ea likarolo tse robeli, e leng As, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, le Pb, metsing. Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tsena tse tloaelehileng tsa hydride e na le kutlo e phahameng le ho nepahala ka tšitiso e tlase ea matrix.
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2. Plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
Plasma emission spectrometry e ntlafalitse ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena 'me e sebelisitsoe ho etsa qeto ka nako e le' ngoe ea likarolo tsa matrix metsing a hloekileng, litšepe le li-substrates ka metsing a litšila, le likarolo tse ngata tsa disampole tsa baeloji. Kutlo ea eona le ho nepahala ha eona li batla li lekana le tsa mokhoa oa ho monya athomo ea lelakabe, 'me e sebetsa hantle haholo. Ente e le 'ngoe e ka lekanya likarolo tse 10 ho isa ho tse 30 ka nako e le 'ngoe.
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3. Plasma emission spectrometry mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Mokhoa oa ICP-MS ke mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea spectrometry o sebelisa ICP joalo ka mohloli oa ionization. Boikutlo ba eona ke 2 ho litaelo tsa 3 tsa boholo bo phahameng ho feta mokhoa oa ICP-AES. Haholo-holo ha ho metha likarolo tse nang le palo ea boima e ka holimo ho 100, kutloisiso ea eona e phahame ho feta moeli oa ho lemoha. Tlase. Japane e thathamisitse mokhoa oa ICP-MS e le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tlhahlobo bakeng sa qeto ea Cr6+, Cu, Pb, le Cd metsing. .
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4. Ion chromatography
Ion chromatography ke theknoloji e ncha ea ho arola le ho lekanya li-anion tse tloaelehileng le li-cation ka metsing. Mokhoa o na le khetho e ntle le kutloisiso. Likarolo tse ngata li ka lekanyetsoa ka nako e le 'ngoe ka khetho e le' ngoe. Mohloli oa conductivity le kholomo ea karohano ea anion e ka sebelisoa ho khetholla F-, Cl-, Br-, SO32-, SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-; kholomo ea karohano ea cation e ka sebelisoa ho khetholla NH4 +, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, joalo-joalo, ho sebelisa electrochemistry The detector e ka lekanya I-, S2-, CN- le metsoako e itseng ea lintho tse phelang.
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5. Spectrophotometry le theknoloji ea tlhahlobo ea ente ea phallo
Boithuto ba likarabelo tse ling tsa chromogenic tse nang le kutloelo-bohloko haholo le tse khethang haholo bakeng sa qeto ea spectrophotometric ea li-ion tsa tšepe le li-ion tse seng tsa tšepe li ntse li hohela tlhokomelo. Spectrophotometry e nka karolo e kholo ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho kopanya mekhoa ena le theknoloji ea ente ea phallo ho ka kopanya ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tse kang distillation, extraction, ho eketsa li-reagents tse sa tšoaneng, nts'etsopele ea mebala e sa khaotseng le tekanyo. Ke theknoloji ea tlhahlobo ea laboratori ea othomathike 'me e sebelisoa haholo lilaboratoring. E sebelisoa haholo mekhoeng ea ho beha leihlo ka mokhoa o ikemetseng bakeng sa boleng ba metsi. E na le melemo ea ho etsa lisampole tse fokolang, ho nepahala ho phahameng, lebelo la ho hlahloba ka potlako, le ho boloka li-reagents, joalo-joalo, tse ka lokollang basebetsi mosebetsing o boima oa 'mele, joalo ka ho lekanya NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, F-, CrO42-, Ca2+, joalo-joalo ka boleng ba metsi. Theknoloji ea ente ea phallo ea fumaneha. Sesebelisoa se ke ke sa sebelisa spectrophotometry feela, empa hape le ho monya athomo, li-electrode tse khethang ion, joalo-joalo.
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6. Valence le tlhahlobo ea foromo
Lintho tse silafatsang li teng ka mefuta e fapaneng tikolohong ea metsi, 'me chefo ea tsona ho tikoloho ea metsing le batho le eona e fapane haholo. Ka mohlala, Cr6+ e chefo ho feta Cr3+, As3+ e chefo ho feta As5+, 'me HgCl2 e chefo ho feta HgS. Maemo a boleng ba metsi le tlhahlobo e hlakisa qeto ea kakaretso ea mercury le alkyl mercury, chromium e hexavalent le chromium kaofela, Fe3+ le Fe2+, NH4+-N, NO2–N le NO3–N. Merero e meng e boetse e hlakisa boemo ba ho sefa. le kakaretso ea tekanyo ea tekanyo ea chelete, joalo-joalo Liphuputsong tsa tikoloho, e le hore u utloisise mokhoa oa tšilafalo le melao ea ho falla le phetoho, ha ho hlokahale feela ho ithuta le ho hlahloba boemo ba valence adsorption le boemo bo rarahaneng ba lintho tse sa tloaelehang, empa hape le ho ithuta oxidation ea bona. le ho fokotseha ha tikoloho (joalo ka natrose ea metsoako e nang le naetrojene). , nitrification kapa denitrification, joalo-joalo) le biological methylation le litaba tse ling. Limetale tse boima tse teng ka sebopeho sa organic, joalo ka alkyl lead, alkyl tin, joalo-joalo, hajoale li fumana tlhokomelo e ngata ho tsoa ho bo-ramahlale ba tikoloho. Haholo-holo, ka mor'a hore li-triphenyl tin, tributyl tin, joalo-joalo li thathamisitsoe e le litšitiso tsa endocrine, tlhokomelo ea organic metals e boima Theknoloji ea Analytical e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako.
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2. Theknoloji ea ho shebella bakeng sa litšila tse phelang
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1. Ho beha leihlo lintho tse phelang tse jang oksijene
Ho na le matšoao a mangata a akaretsang a bonts'ang tšilafalo ea 'mele ea metsi ka lintho tse phelang tse jang oksijene, joalo ka index ea permanganate, CODCr, BOD5 (hape e kenyelletsa lintho tse fokotsang lintho tse kang sulfide, NH4+-N, NO2–N le NO3–N), Total organic matter carbon (TOC), kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea oksijene (TOD). Hangata matšoao ana a sebelisoa ho laola liphello tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila le ho hlahloba boleng ba metsi a holim'a metsi. Lipontšo tsena li na le kamano e itseng, empa moelelo oa tsona oa 'mele o fapane' me ho thata ho nkela sebaka. Hobane sebopeho sa lintho tse phelang tse jang oksijene li fapana le boleng ba metsi, kamano ena ha e tsitsitse, empa e fapana haholo. Theknoloji ea ho beha leihlo lits'oants'o tsena e se e holile, empa batho ba ntse ba batlisisa mahlale a tlhahlobo a ka potlakang, a bonolo, a boloka nako le a baballang litšenyehelo. Ka mohlala, meter e potlakileng ea COD le microbial sensor e potlakileng ea BOD e se e ntse e sebelisoa.
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2. Theknoloji ea tlhokomelo ea lihlopha tse silafetseng
Tlhokomelo ea litšilafalo tsa lintho tse phelang hangata e qala ka ho lekola likarolo tsa tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang. Hobane lisebelisoa li bonolo, ho bonolo ho li etsa li-laboratories tse akaretsang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba mathata a maholo a fumanoa tlhahlobong ea lihlopha, ho tsebahatsa le ho hlahloba mefuta e meng ea lintho tse phelang ho ka etsoa. Mohlala, ha re lekola li-halogenated hydrocarbons (AOX) mme re fumana hore AOX e feta maemo, re ka tsoela pele ho sebelisa GC-ECD bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ho ithuta hore na metsoako ea halogenated hydrocarbon e silafatsa, e chefo hakae, moo tšilafalo e tsoang teng, jj. . Lintho tsa ho beha leihlo lintho tse silafatsang li kenyeletsa: volatile phenols, nitrobenzene, aniline, mineral oils, adsorbable hydrocarbons, joalo-joalo. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo e teng bakeng sa merero ena.
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3. Tlhahlobo ea litšila tse phelang
Tlhahlobo ea tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang e ka aroloa ka li-VOC, tlhahlobo ea S-VOCs le tlhahlobo ea metsoako e itseng. Mokhoa oa ho hlobolisa le ho ts'oara oa GC-MS o sebelisetsoa ho lekanya metsoako ea lintho tse phelang (VOCs), 'me ho ntšoa ha metsi-mokelikeli kapa ho ntšoa ha micro-solid-phase GC-MS e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya metsoako ea semi-volatile organic (S-VOCs), eo ke tlhahlobo e pharaletseng. Sebelisa chromatography ea khase ho arola, sebelisa mochine oa ionization oa mollo (FID), mochine oa ho tšoara motlakase (ECD), nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), photoionization detector (PID), joalo-joalo ho fumana mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lintho tse silafatsang; sebelisa mokelikeli Chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet detector (UV) kapa fluorescence detector (RF) ho fumana polycyclic nkhang hamonate hydrocarbons, ketones, acid ester, phenols, joalo-joalo.
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4. Tekolo e iketsang le thekenoloji ea ho beha leihlo mosi kaofela
Sistimi ea tlhokomelo ea boleng ba metsi ea tikoloho hangata ke lintho tse tloaelehileng tsa ho beha leihlo, joalo ka mocheso oa metsi, 'mala, mahloriso, oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng, pH, conductivity, index ea permanganate, CODCr, naetrojene e felletseng, phosphorus kaofela, ammonia nitrogen, joalo-joalo Naha ea rona e theha metsi a itekanetseng. mekhoa ea ho hlahloba boleng likarolong tse ling tsa bohlokoa tse laoloang ke naha ea boleng ba metsi le ho phatlalatsa litlaleho tsa beke le beke tsa boleng ba metsi mecheng ea litaba, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa haholo ho khothaletsa tšireletso ea boleng ba metsi.
Ka nako ya “Leano la Borobong la Mengwaha e Mehlano” le “Leano la Leshome la Dilemo tse Hlano”, naha ya heso e tla laola le ho fokotsa palomoka ya mesi ya CODCr, oli ya diminerale, cyanide, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium (VI), le lead, mme e ka hloka ho fetisa merero ea lilemo tse hlano. Ke feela ka ho etsa boiteko bo matla ba ho fokotsa phallo e felletseng ka tlase ho matla a tikoloho ea metsi moo re ka ntlafatsang tikoloho ea metsi ka botebo le ho e tlisa boemong bo botle. Ka hona, likhoebo tse kholo tse silafatsang li tlameha ho theha lits'oants'o tse tloaelehileng tsa likhoerekhoere le likanale tsa phallo ea likhoerekhoere, ho kenya limithara tsa phallo ea likhoerekhoere le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse tsoelang pele tsa marang-rang tse kang CODCr, ammonia, oli ea diminerale le pH ho fihlela tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete ea phallo ea likhoerekhoere. tshilafatso ya maikutlo. le ho netefatsa palo yohle ya ditshila tse ntshitsweng.
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5 Tlhokomelo e potlakileng ea maemo a tšohanyetso a tšilafalo ea metsi
Likotsi tse likete tse khōlō le tse nyenyane tsa tšilafalo li etsahala selemo se seng le se seng, tse sa senyeng feela tikoloho le tikoloho, empa hape li sokela bophelo ba batho le polokeho ea thepa ka ho toba le botsitso ba sechaba (joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo). Mekhoa ea ho lemoha maemo a tšohanyetso a likotsi tsa tšilafalo e kenyelletsa:
① Mokhoa oa sesebelisoa o nkehang habonolo: joalo ka oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng, pH meter, chromatograph ea khase e nkehang, FTIR meter e nkehang, joalo-joalo.
② Tube ea ho lemoha ka potlako le mokhoa oa pampiri oa ho lemoha: joalo ka tšupu ea H2S ea ho lemoha (pampiri ea tlhahlobo), tube ea CODCr ea ho lemoha ka potlako, tube ea tšepe e boima, joalo-joalo.
③Tlhahlobo ea sampling-laboratori sebakeng sa saete, joalo-joalo.
Nako ea poso: Jan-11-2024
