56.Mekhoa ea ho metha petroleum ke efe?
Petroleum ke motsoako o rarahaneng o entsoeng ka li-alkane, li-cycloalkanes, li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate, li-hydrocarbon tse sa soaturated le likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa sebabole le nitrogen oxides. Litekanyetsong tsa boleng ba metsi, peterole e hlalosoa e le sesupo sa toxicological le sesupo sa kutlo sa motho ho sireletsa bophelo ba metsing, hobane lintho tsa peterole li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho bophelo ba metsing. Ha likahare tsa peterole ka metsing li le lipakeng tsa 0.01 le 0.1mg/L, li tla kena-kenana le ho fepa le ho ikatisa ha lintho tse phelang metsing. Ka hona, maemo a naha ea heso a boleng ba metsi a lihlapi ha aa lokela ho feta 0.05 mg/L, maemo a metsi a nosetso a temo ha aa lokela ho feta 5.0 mg/L, le maemo a bobeli a phalliso a likhoerekhoere ha aa lokela ho feta 10 mg/L. Ka kakaretso, likahare tsa peterole ea likhoerekhoere tse kenang ka tanka ea aeration li ke ke tsa feta 50mg/L.
Ka lebaka la sebopeho se rarahaneng le thepa e fapaneng haholo ea peterole, hammoho le mefokolo ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo, ho thata ho theha tekanyetso e kopaneng e sebetsang likarolong tse fapaneng. Ha oli e ka metsing e feta 10 mg/L, mokhoa oa gravimetric o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tseba. Bothata ke hore ts'ebetso e rarahane 'me oli e bobebe e lahleheloa habonolo ha petroleum ether e fetoha mouoane' me e omisitsoe. Ha oli e ka metsing e le 0.05 ~ 10 mg/L, ho ka sebelisoa photometry ea infrared e sa hasang, infrared spectrophotometry le ultraviolet spectrophotometry e ka sebelisoa ho metha. Non-dispersive infrared photometry le infrared photometry ke litekanyetso tsa naha tsa tlhahlobo ea peterole. (GB/T16488-1996). UV spectrophotometry e sebelisoa haholo ho sekaseka li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate tse nkhang hamonate. E bua ka lintho tse ka ntšoang ka petroleum ether 'me li na le litšobotsi tsa ho monya ka bolelele bo itseng ba maqhubu. Ha e kenyeletse mefuta eohle ea peterole.
57. Litlhokomelo tsa ho metha petroleum ke life?
Moemeli oa ho ntša o sebelisoang ke dispersive infrared photometry le infrared photometry ke carbon tetrachloride kapa trichlorotrifluoroethane, 'me moemeli oa ho ntša o sebelisoang ke mokhoa oa gravimetric le ultraviolet spectrophotometry ke petroleum ether. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa ho ntšoa li chefo 'me li tlameha ho sebetsoa ka hloko le ka mosi.
Oli e tloaelehileng e lokela ho ba petroleum ether kapa carbon tetrachloride extract ho tsoa likhoerekhoere hore e behoe leihlo. Ka linako tse ling ho ka sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse ling tse tsebahalang tsa oli, kapa n-hexadecane, isooctane le benzene li ka sebelisoa ho latela karo-karolelano ea 65:25:10. E entsoe ka tekanyo ea molumo. Ether ea petroleum e sebelisetsoang ho ntša oli e tloaelehileng, ho hula li-curve tse tloaelehileng tsa oli le ho lekanya lisampole tsa metsi a litšila li lokela ho tsoa nomorong e le 'ngoe ea batch, ho seng joalo liphoso tse hlophisitsoeng li tla etsahala ka lebaka la litekanyetso tse fapaneng tse se nang letho.
Ho hlokahala sampole e arohaneng ha ho metha oli. Ka kakaretso, botlolo ea khalase ea molomo o sephara e sebelisoa bakeng sa botlolo ea sampole. Libotlolo tsa polasetiki ha lia lokela ho sebelisoa, 'me sampole ea metsi e ke ke ea tlatsa botlolo ea sampole, 'me ho be le lekhalo ho eona. Haeba sampole ea metsi e ke ke ea hlahlojoa ka letsatsi le le leng, hydrochloric acid kapa sulfuric acid e ka eketsoa ho etsa boleng ba pH.<2 to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and stored in a 4oc refrigerator. piston on separatory funnel cannot be coated with oily grease such as vaseline.
58. Lits'oants'o tsa boleng ba metsi bakeng sa lirafshoa tse boima tse tloaelehileng le lintho tse se nang tšepe tse chefo le tse kotsi ke life?
Limetale tse boima tse tloaelehileng le lintho tse se nang tšepe tse chefo le tse kotsi metsing haholo-holo li kenyelletsa mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead le sulfide, cyanide, fluoride, arsenic, selenium, joalo-joalo. Matšoao ana a boleng ba metsi a chefo ho netefatsa bophelo ba batho kapa ho sireletsa bophelo ba metsing. . lipontšo tsa 'mele. National Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) e na le melaoana e thata mabapi le matšoao a ho tsoa ha metsi a litšila a nang le lintho tsena.
Bakeng sa limela tsa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tseo metsi a tsona a kenang a nang le lintho tsena, litaba tsa lintho tsena tse chefo le tse kotsi ka metsing a kenang le metsi a litšila a tanka ea bobeli ea sedimentation e tlameha ho hlahlojoa ka hloko ho netefatsa hore litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi lia finyelloa. Hang ha ho lemohuoa hore metsi kapa litšila tse kenang li feta tekanyo, mehato e lokela ho nkoa hang-hang ho netefatsa hore litšila li fihla boemong kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ka ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea pele le ho lokisa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea likhoerekhoere. Phekolong e tloaelehileng ea likhoerekhoere, sulfide le cyanide ke matšoao a mabeli a tloaelehileng a boleng ba metsi a lintho tse chefo le tse kotsi tsa inorganic non-metallic chefo.
59.Ho na le mefuta e mekae ea sulfide metsing?
Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea sebabole e teng metsing ke sulfate, sulfide le organic sulfide. Har'a bona, sulfide e na le mefuta e meraro: H2S, HS- le S2-. Palo ea foromo ka 'ngoe e amana le boleng ba pH ba metsi. Tlas'a maemo a asiti Ha boleng ba pH bo phahame ho feta 8, haholo-holo bo teng ka sebopeho sa H2S. Ha boleng ba pH bo feta 8, bo teng haholo ka sebopeho sa HS- le S2-. Ho fumanoa ha sulfide metsing hangata ho bontša hore e silafalitsoe. Metsi a litšila a tsoang liindastering tse ling, haholo-holo ho hloekisa petroleum, hangata a na le tekanyo e itseng ea sulfide. Tlas'a ketso ea libaktheria tsa anaerobic, sulfate ka metsing e ka boela ea fokotsoa ho sulfide.
Likahare tsa sulfide tsa likhoerekhoere tse tsoang likarolong tse amehang tsa tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere li tlameha ho hlahlojoa ka hloko ho thibela chefo ea hydrogen sulfide. Haholo-holo bakeng sa metsi a kenang le a tsoang a yuniti ea ho hlobolisa desulfurization, dikahare tsa sulfide ka ho toba li bonahatsa phello ea yuniti ea ho hlobolisa 'me ke pontšo ea taolo. E le ho thibela sulfide e feteletseng metsing a tlhaho a metsi, tekanyetso ea naha e akaretsang ea ho qhala metsi a litšila e bolela hore sulfide ha ea lokela ho feta 1.0mg/L. Ha o sebelisa aerobic secondary biological treatment ea likhoerekhoere, haeba sulfide concentration ka metsing a kenang e ka tlase ho 20mg/L, e sebetsang Haeba ts'ebetso ea sludge e le ntle 'me seretse se setseng se tsoa ka nako, sulfide content ka tanka ea sedimentation ea bobeli ea metsi a ka khona. fihla maemo. Maemo a sulfide a litšila tse tsoang ka tankeng ea bobeli ea sedimentation a tlameha ho behoa leihlo khafetsa ho bona hore na metsi a litšila a kopana le litekanyetso le ho fumana mokhoa oa ho lokisa maemo a ts'ebetso.
60. Ke mekhoa e mekae e sebelisoang ka tloaelo ho bona hore na sulfide e teng metsing?
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang ho lemoha lintho tsa sulfide ka metsing li kenyelletsa methylene blue spectrophotometry, p-amino N, N dimethylaniline spectrophotometry, mokhoa oa iodometric, mokhoa oa ion electrode, joalo-joalo Har'a bona, mokhoa oa naha oa ho etsa qeto ea sulfide ke methylene blue spectrophotometry. Photometry (GB/T16489-1996) le spectrophotometry ea mebala e tobileng (GB/T17133-1997). Meeli ea ho lemoha ea mekhoa ena e 'meli ke 0.005mg/L le 0.004mg/l ka ho latellana. Ha sampuli ea metsi e sa hlakoloe, Tabeng ena, litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa ho lemoha ke 0.7mg / L le 25mg / L ka ho latellana. Mefuta ea mahloriso ea sulfide e lekantsoeng ka p-amino N, N dimethylaniline spectrophotometry (CJ/T60-1999) ke 0.05 ~ 0.8mg/L. Ka hona, mokhoa o ka holimo oa spectrophotometry o loketse feela ho lemoha lintho tse tlaase tsa sulfide. Metsi. Ha motsoako oa sulfide metsing a litšila a phahame, mokhoa oa iodometric (HJ / T60-2000 le CJ / T60-1999) o ka sebelisoa. Mokhoa oa ho lemoha oa iodometric ke 1 ~ 200mg/L.
Ha sampole ea metsi e le litšila, e mebala, kapa e na le lintho tse fokotsang tse kang SO32-, S2O32-, mercaptans, le thioethers, e tla kena-kenana le tekanyo e tebileng 'me e hloka ho arohana pele ho felisa tšitiso. Mokhoa o sebelisoang ka tloaelo pele ho karohano ke acidification-stripping-absorption. Molao. Molao-motheo ke hore ka mor'a hore sampole ea metsi e be acidified, sulfide e teng sebakeng sa limolek'hule tsa H2S ka har'a tharollo ea asiti, 'me e butsoe ka khase, ebe e monngoa ke mokelikeli o monyang, ebe o lekanngoa.
Mokhoa o khethehileng ke ho qala ho eketsa EDTA ho sampuli ea metsi ho rarahaneng le ho tsitsisa boholo ba li-ion tsa tšepe (tse kang Cu2 +, Hg2 +, Ag +, Fe3 +) ho qoba ho kena-kenana ho bakoang ke karabelo pakeng tsa li-ion tsena tsa tšepe le li-ion tsa sulfide; hape eketsa palo e loketseng ea hydroxylamine hydrochloride, e ka Ka katleho thibela oxidation-fokotso itšoara joang pakeng tsa lintho oxidizing le sulfide disampole metsi. Ha o foka H2S ho tsoa metsing, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se phahame haholo ka ho sisinyeha ho feta ntle le ho sisinyeha. Sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha sulfide se ka fihla ho 100% ha se susumetsoa ka metsotso e 15. Ha nako ea ho hlobola tlas'a ts'usumetso e feta metsotso e 20, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se fokotseha hanyenyane. Ka hona, ho hlobola hangata ho etsoa tlas'a ho tsosoa 'me nako ea ho hlobola ke metsotso e 20. Ha mocheso oa ho hlapa metsi o le 35-55oC, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha sulfide se ka fihla ho 100%. Ha mocheso oa ho hlapa metsi o ka holimo ho 65oC, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha sulfide se fokotseha hanyenyane. Ka hona, mocheso o nepahetseng oa ho hlapa metsi hangata o khethoa ho ba 35 ho isa ho 55oC.
61. Litlhokomelo tse ling bakeng sa qeto ea sulfide ke life?
⑴ Ka lebaka la ho se tsitse ha sulfide ka metsing, ha ho bokelloa lisampole tsa metsi, sebaka sa sampole se ke ke sa fetisoa kapa sa tsukutloa ka matla. Kamora ho bokelloa, tharollo ea zinki ea acetate e tlameha ho eketsoa ka nako ho etsa hore e be zinc sulfide suspension. Ha sampole ea metsi e le asiti, tharollo ea alkaline e lokela ho eketsoa ho thibela ho lokolloa ha hydrogen sulfide. Ha sampole ea metsi e tletse, botlolo e lokela ho koaheloa le ho romeloa laboratoring bakeng sa tlhahlobo kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
⑵ Ho sa tsotelehe hore na ho sebelisoa mokhoa ofe bakeng sa tlhahlobo, lisampole tsa metsi li tlameha ho lokisoa esale pele ho felisa tšitiso le ho ntlafatsa maemo a ho lemoha. Ho ba teng ha li-colorants, li-solids tse emisitsoeng, SO32-, S2O32-, mercaptans, thioethers le lintho tse ling tse fokotsang li tla ama liphello tsa tlhahlobo. Mekhoa ea ho felisa tšitiso ea lintho tsena e ka sebelisa karohano ea pula, karohano ea moea, phapanyetsano ea ion, joalo-joalo.
⑶ Metsi a sebelisetsoang ho hlapolla le ho lokisa litharollo tsa reagent a ke ke a ba le li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima tse kang Cu2+ le Hg2+, ho seng joalo liphetho tsa tlhahlobo li tla ba tlase ka lebaka la tlhahiso ea acid-insoluble sulfide. Ka hona, u se ke ua sebelisa metsi a hloekisitsoeng a tsoang ho li-distillers tsa tšepe. Ho molemo ho sebelisa metsi a deionized. Kapa metsi a hloekisitsoeng a tsoang ka khalaseng eohle.
⑷ Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho ts'oara litšepe tse boima tse fumanehang ka har'a zinc acetate absorption tharollo le tsona li tla ama liphetho tsa tekanyo. U ka eketsa 1mL ea tharollo e sa tsoa lokisoa ea 0.05mol/L sodium sulfide ho 1L ea tharollo ea zinc acetate tlas'a ho sisinyeha ho lekaneng, 'me u e tlohelle bosiu bo le bong. , ebe u potoloha le ho sisinyeha, ebe u sefa ka pampiri e hloekisitsoeng hantle ea quantitative, ebe u lahla filtrate. Sena se ka felisa tšitiso ea ho sala morao litšepe tse boima ka tharollong ea ho monya.
⑸Sodium sulfide e tloaelehileng ha e tsitsa. Ha khatello ea maikutlo e le tlase, ho bonolo ho e fetola. E tlameha ho lokisoa le ho lekanyetsoa hang hang pele e sebelisoa. Bokaholimo ba kristale ea sodium sulfide e sebelisetsoang ho lokisa tharollo e tloaelehileng hangata e na le sulfite, e bakang liphoso. Ho molemo ho sebelisa likristale tse kholo le ho li hlatsoa kapele ka metsi ho tlosa sulfite pele u lekanya.
Nako ea poso: Dec-04-2023
