35.Moferefere oa metsi ke eng?
Moferefere oa metsi ke sesupo sa phetiso ea leseli ea lisampole tsa metsi.Ke ka lebaka la lintho tse nyenyane tsa tlhaho le lintho tse phelang le lintho tse ling tse emisitsoeng tse kang sediment, letsopa, likokoana-hloko le lintho tse ling tse emisitsoeng ka metsing tse etsang hore leseli le fetang sampole ea metsi le hasane kapa le monye.E bakoa ke ho kenella ka ho toba, tekanyo ea ho thibela ho fetisoa ha mohloli o itseng oa leseli ha litha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea metsi a silafetseng e na le 1 mg SiO2 (kapa lefats'e la diatomaceous) ka kakaretso e nkoa e le tekanyo ea turbidity, e bitsoang Jackson degree, e hlalositsoeng JTU.
Methara ea turbidity e entsoe ho latela molao-motheo oa hore litšila tse emisitsoeng ka metsing li na le phello e hasaneng khanyeng.Moferefere o lekantsoeng ke yuniti ea ho hasana ea moferefere, e hlahisitsoeng ho NTU.The turbidity ea metsi ha e amane feela le litaba tsa likaroloana tse teng metsing, empa hape li amana haufi-ufi le boholo, sebōpeho le thepa ea likaroloana tsena.
Moferefere o phahameng oa metsi ha o eketse feela tekanyo ea sebolaea-likokoana-hloko, empa hape o ama phello ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko.Ho fokotseha ha moferefere hangata ho bolela ho fokotseha ha lintho tse kotsi, libaktheria le likokoana-hloko ka metsing.Ha moferefere oa metsi o fihla likhatong tse 10, batho ba ka bolela hore metsi a pherekano.
36.Mekhoa ea ho lekanya moferefere ke efe?
Mekhoa ea ho lekanya moferefere e boletsoeng ho standard standard ea naha GB13200-1991 e kenyelletsa spectrophotometry le colorimetry e bonahalang.Karolo ea liphetho tsa mekhoa ena e 'meli ke JTU.Ho phaella moo, ho na le mokhoa oa lisebelisoa oa ho lekanya ho senyeha ha metsi ho sebelisa phello ea ho hasana ea leseli.Yuniti ea sephetho se lekantsoeng ka metara ea turbidity ke NTU.Mokhoa oa spectrophotometric o loketse ho lemoha metsi a nooang, metsi a tlhaho le metsi a mangata a mangata, a nang le moeli o fokolang oa ho lemoha oa likhato tse 3;mokhoa oa pono oa colorimetry o loketse ho lemoha metsi a fokolang a tlaase a kang metsi a nooang le metsi a mohloli, ka moeli oa bonyane oa ho lemoha oa 1 Sebelisa.Ha ho hlahlojoa litšila ka har'a metsi a litšila a tanka ea sedimentation ea bobeli kapa litšila tse tsoetseng pele tsa kalafo ka laboratoring, mekhoa e 'meli ea pele ea ho lemoha e ka sebelisoa;ha u ntse u etsa tlhahlobo ea moferefere holim'a litšila tsa setsi sa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere le liphaephe tsa tsamaiso e tsoetseng pele ea phekolo, hangata hoa hlokahala ho kenya Turbidimeter ea inthaneteng.
Molao-motheo oa motheo oa meter turbidity meter o tšoana le oa optical sludge concentration meter.Phapang pakeng tsa tsena tse peli ke hore mahloriso a SS a lekantsoeng ka meter ea mahloriso a sludge a phahame, kahoo a sebelisa molao-motheo oa ho monya leseli, ha SS e lekantsoeng ka meter ea turbidity e tlaase.Ka hona, ka ho sebelisa molao-motheo oa ho hasana ha leseli le ho lekanya karolo ea ho hasana ea leseli le fetang metsing a lekantsoeng, ho ka boleloa hore ho na le moferefere oa metsi.
Turbidity ke phello ea tšebelisano pakeng tsa leseli le likaroloana tse tiileng ka metsing.Boholo ba turbidity bo amana le lintlha tse joalo ka boholo le sebopeho sa likaroloana tse sa hloekang ka metsing le index ea khanya e hlahang.Ka hona, ha litaba tsa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng ka metsing li phahame, ka kakaretso Turu ea eona e boetse e phahame, empa ha ho na kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa tse peli.Ka linako tse ling lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng lia tšoana, empa ka lebaka la thepa e fapaneng ea lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, litekanyetso tsa turbidity tse lekantsoeng li fapane haholo.Ka hona, haeba metsi a na le litšila tse ngata tse emisitsoeng, mokhoa oa ho lekanya SS o lokela ho sebelisoa ho bonahatsa ka nepo tekanyo ea tšilafalo ea metsi kapa palo e itseng ea litšila.
Lisebelisoa tsohle tsa khalase tse amanang le lisampole tsa metsi li tlameha ho hloekisoa ka hydrochloric acid kapa surfactant.Mehlala ea metsi bakeng sa tekanyo ea moferefere e tlameha ho hloka matlakala le likaroloana tse theolehang habonolo, 'me li tlameha ho bokelloa ka libotlolong tsa khalase tse emisitsoeng le ho meloa kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ka mor'a ho etsa sampole.Tlas'a maemo a khethehileng, e ka bolokoa sebakeng se lefifi ka 4 ° C ka nako e khutšoanyane, ho fihlela lihora tse 24, 'me e hloka ho sisinyeha ka matla le ho khutlisetsoa mocheso oa kamore pele ho tekanyo.
37.Mmala wa metsi ke ofe?
Chromaticity ea metsi ke index e boletsoeng ha ho metha 'mala oa metsi.Chromaticity eo ho buuoang ka eona tlhahlobong ea boleng ba metsi hangata e bua ka 'mala oa' nete oa metsi, ke hore, e bua feela ka 'mala o hlahisoang ke lintho tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a sampole ea metsi.Ka hona, pele ho tekanyo, sampuli ea metsi e hloka ho hlakisoa, ho kenngoa ka centrifuged, kapa ho sefshoa ka lesela la 0.45 μm ho tlosa SS, empa pampiri ea filthara e ke ke ea sebelisoa hobane pampiri ea filthara e ka monya karolo ea 'mala oa metsi.
Sephetho se lekantsoeng ka sampuli ea pele ntle le ho sefa kapa centrifugation ke 'mala o bonahalang oa metsi, ke hore,' mala o hlahisoang ke motsoako oa taba e emisitsoeng e qhibilihisitsoeng le e sa tsitsang.Ka kakaretso, 'mala o bonahalang oa metsi o ke ke oa lekanngoa le ho lekanyetsoa ka mokhoa oa platinum-cobalt colorimetric o lekanyang' mala oa 'nete.Litšobotsi tse kang botebo, 'mala, le ponaletso hangata li hlalosoa ka mantsoe, ebe li lekanyetsoa ka mokhoa oa dilution factor.Liphetho tse lekantsoeng ka mokhoa oa platinum-cobalt colorimetric hangata ha li bapisoe le boleng ba colorimetric bo lekantsoeng ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa ho hlapolla hangata.
38.Mekhoa ea ho lekanya mebala ke efe?
Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea ho lekanya colorimetry: platinum-cobalt colorimetry le dilution multiple method (GB11903-1989).Mekhoa ena e 'meli e lokela ho sebelisoa e ikemetseng, 'me liphello tse lekantsoeng ka kakaretso ha li bapisoe.Mokhoa oa platinum-cobalt colorimetric o loketse metsi a hloekileng, metsi a silafetseng hanyenyane le metsi a mosehla hanyenyane, hammoho le metsi a holimo a batlang a hloekile, metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše, metsi a nooang le metsi a tsosolositsoeng, le metsi a sebelisoang hape ka mor'a ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere.Metsi a litšila a indasteri le metsi a silafetseng haholo ka kakaretso a sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea ho hlapolla ho fumana 'mala oa tsona.
Mokhoa oa platinum-cobalt colorimetric o nka 'mala oa 1 mg ea Pt (IV) le 2 mg ea cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate ho 1 L ea metsi e le yuniti e le' ngoe ea mebala e tloaelehileng, eo hangata e bitsoang 1 degree.Mokhoa oa ho itokisa oa 1 standard colorimetric unit ke ho eketsa 0.491mgK2PtCl6 le 2.00mgCoCl2?6H2O ho 1L ea metsi, e tsejoang hape e le platinum le cobalt standard.Ho imena habeli platinum le cobalt standard agent ho ka fumana li-unit tse ngata tse tloaelehileng tsa colorimetric.Kaha potassium chlorocobaltate e theko e boima, K2Cr2O7 le CoSO4?7H2O hangata li sebelisoa ho lokisa tharollo e tloaelehileng ea colorimetric ka tekanyo e itseng le mehato ea ho sebetsa.Ha u lekanya 'mala, bapisa sampole ea metsi e lekantsoeng le letoto la litharollo tse tloaelehileng tsa mebala e fapaneng ho fumana' mala oa sampole ea metsi.
Mokhoa oa dilution factor ke ho hlapolla sampole ea metsi ka metsi a hloekileng a optically ho fihlela e batla e se na 'mala ebe o e isa ka har'a tube ea colorimetric.Botebo ba 'mala bo bapisoa le ba metsi a optically puree a bophahamo bo lekanang ba kholomo ea mokelikeli mokokotlong o mosoeu.Haeba phapang leha e le efe e fumanoa, e hlapolle hape ho fihlela 'mala o ke ke oa fumanoa, ntlha ea dilution ea sampole ea metsi ka nako ena ke boleng bo bontšang matla a' mala a metsi, 'me yuniti ke linako.
Nako ea poso: Oct-19-2023
